Hõrak Lab

University of Tartu

Eesti (EE0) · Estonia

ERC-funded
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ERC Consolidator Grant · 2025

Two sides to every leaf: how and why plants control stomatal distribution between leaf surfaces?

Plant leaves are polar organs with different upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) surfaces. Stomata are adjustable pores in leaves that allow CO2 influx for photosynthesis and mediate water loss via transpiration. These key structures that control plant survival and productivity are polarly localised only in leaf abaxial epidermis in most plants (hypostomaty). Some plants have stomata also on the upper leaf side; such amphistomatous plants should have a fitness advantage due to a better photosynthetic capacity. How is the making of adaxial stomata regulated and why are they present in a minority of plants, given their potential fitness advantage, remains a major unanswered question. I aim to…

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